Hieu Blog

This nice article for Css designer. Found at :http://www.search-this.com/2007/03/26/10-quick-tips-for-an-easier-css-life/

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As with most things, a logical and structured approach is the best way to go. Therefore I have put together 10 quick tips (in no special order) to help make your CSS coding as pain-free as possible.

1. Keep it Simple

This may sound obvious but if you find yourself using complicated coding to achieve your design then you should think again about whether the feature you need is really necessary or if you’re just thinking about your design and not your visitors. Too often designers get caught up in their own design and go to great lengths to produce a certain visual effect only to find later on that visitors find it either irritating or unusable.

Complex code is usually the result of muddled thinking. Plan your layout logically and work from the outside in and from the top down where possible. Look at what containers you will need and break jobs down into smaller parcels. I usually start with a page wrapper and then progress logically through the header, navigation, main content and footers etc trying to preserve the flow of the document as much as possible.

While good visual design is necessary to attract visitors you must still have good content and a usable and accessible site. If you find your html and css looks like spaghetti then have a re-think and see if you can simplify it. This will make it easier to maintain in the future and will often save code and bandwidth.

2. Don’t use hacks unless its a known and documented bug

This is an important point as I too often see hacks employed to fix things that aren’t really broken in the first place. If you find that you are looking for a hack to fix a certain issue in your design then first do some research (Google is your friend here) and try to identify the issue you are having problems with.

If you find its a known bug then 99% of the time there will be a known solution to this bug and you can safely use a hack if required knowing that you are fixing a bug and not just correcting bad coding.

I couldn’t count the number of times I’ve seen layouts using hacks when all that was needed was to control the default margins on the page (see next tip).

3. Take care of margins and padding on all elements that you use

All browsers apply default padding and margins to most elements and the amount they apply varies quite substantially. Therefore you need to explicitly control the padding and margins on all the elements you use.

This is covered in depth in this article “No Margin For Error”.

4. Avoid using too much absolute positioning

Most novices to CSS quickly latch on to absolute positioning because it is pretty straight-forward and does what it says on the box. However absolute layouts have a number of problems and the biggest problem of all is that absolute elements are removed from the flow.

This means that when you absolutely place an element then it has total disregard to whatever else is on your page. It will overlap whatever was in that position and will take no notice of other content at all. The result of too much absolute positioning is that you end up having to control everything with absolute positioning and makes for a very rigid and inflexible layout.

The most common problem encountered when using absolute positioning for two or three columns is “How to put a footer at the bottom of all three columns?” The answer is you can’t, unless you resort to scripting or use a fixed height for all three columns.

Instead you should look into using mostly static positioning, margins and floats to maintain the flow of the layout. Static positioning is the default and basically means no positioning at all and the elements just take up space in the normal flow of the document. If elements flow normally then they have a logical construction and one element follows another without having to position it at all. You can use margins to nudge elements into position or use floats when you want elements aligned horizontally.

5. Avoid “divitus”

Although “divitus” isn’t a real word it is now commonly used to refer to layouts that have too many divs and not enough semantic html. Semantic html means using the correct html element for the task in hand and not just using divs for everything. Divs are generic dividers of page content and nothing else. 99% of the time there will be an html tag perfect for the job in hand.

e.g. p,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,ul,ol,dl etc…

Use divs to divide the page into logical sections or when there is no better alternative. If your page is logically divided into sections that use id’s to identify each section then this will allow you to target inner elements in that section without having to over-use classes on each element

e.g. #top-section h1 {color:red}(see next tip on “classitus”).

A common misuse of divs can be found in the following example:

A lot of times the above code can simply be reduced to this:

As you can see, by using the correct html to describe the content you give your layout inherent structure and meaning without any extra effort.

6. Avoid “Classitus”

“Classitus” is another made up word similar to “divitus” (as explained above) and refers to the over-use of classes (or id’s) when in fact none are necessary. If your page is logically divided then you can target many specific elements without the need for millions of classes.

A common example of misuse of classes is shown below:

All the links have been given a class of .link in order to style them and is completely unnecessary. If we apply an ID or class to the UL instead, we can target all the anchors within that ul without having to add any extra classes at all.

As you can see we get the same effect and save considerably on mark-up and readability. A lot of times the ul may be unique in a section anyway and you can use the parent id without even having to add an id to the ul. (Remember that id’s are unique and can only be used once per page.)

7. Validate your code

Visit the validator at every opportunity and validate your css and html especially when learning something new. If you are new to html/css then validate regularly during development so that you can be sure the code you are using is correct; that will allow you to concentrate on getting the design right.

Do not wait until you have finished coding the design as you may be using features that are not appropriate and will result in a lot more work than necessary. Validating frequently will also catch simple errors like typos which will always creep into the code when you are not looking.

8. Rationalize your code

At every stage during development ask yourself whether you need that extra div wrapper or not. Can existing elements be utilised for background images without adding extraneous code?

Thinking ahead and planning your layout beforehand will often lead to more concise code and an easier-to-manage layout.

9. Flexibility

Remember that a web page isn’t the same as a printed page and that ultimately the user has more control over how your page will appear than you do. With this in mind try to allow for some flexibility in your design so that things like text resizing issues don’t break your layout. Don’t make everything a fixed height/width or at least use ems to allow the layout to expand when text is resized.

With a little thought and patience you can still make your page look good and satisfy accessibility requirements.

10. Browser support

A designer’s lot is often not a happy one due to the variance in the display offered via various browsers. There is no easy answer to this question (apart from the tips already given) and my method of working is as follows.

First of all decide with your client (or yourself) what browsers you are aiming to support. This will of course be based on many factors (which we won’t go into here) but could be as simple as checking your server stats to see who your visitors are.

Once you have decided what browsers to support then make sure that you have access to these browsers in some way. The easiest way is to download the browser you need so you can test locally.

If you can’t download the browsers for one reason or another or you need to test on another platform, then there are a number of sites that will offer remote access or screenshots. Some of these require payment and some of the simpler ones are free (a quick look on Google will soon sort you out).

Once you have decided what browsers to support it is time to start coding then you must check your design at every stage in the browsers that you want to support. This means writing a line of code then firing up at least 3 or 4 browsers to check. As you get more experienced you will soon learn what is likely to work and what doesn’t and you can check less frequently.

If you take this approach of checking at every stage then you will soon find out what works and what doesn’t and identify problems straight away and determine the cause is immediately. This would not be the case if you waited until you had finished and then checked the design. It could take hours (or days) to identify where the problem is and what is causing it. It may in fact be too late to fix it because you have built the whole page on a function that only works in one browser and you would have to start again from scratch.

By checking as you go you eliminate this problem and quite often a small change in design at each stage will accommodate nearly all the browsers you need to support without needing to hack. You can’t make these small tweaks and changes in design if you wait until the end.

The above tips for css coding aren’t in any special order and most are just plain common sense. If you follow the advice given you will make your web design life a lot easier and less stressful.

Google co-founder Larry Page provides several tips for entrepreneurs.

Tip 1: Just don’t settle.  Especially with employees, it is very important to find great people you are compatible with.

Tip 2: There is a benefit from being real experts.  Experience pays off.

Tip 3: Have a healthy disregard for the impossible.  Stretch your goals.

Tip 4: It is OK to solve a hard problem. Solving hard problems is where you will get the biggest leverage.

Tip 5: Don’t pay attention to the VC bandwagon. Don’t start a company just because you can.  Instead, have a really good idea that is good regardless of the funding situation.

Good article on startups

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One of the things I always tell startups is a principle I learned from Paul Buchheit: it’s better to make a few people really happy than to make a lot of people semi-happy. I was saying recently to a reporter that if I could only tell startups 10 things, this would be one of them. Then I thought: what would the other 9 be?

When I made the list there turned out to be 13:

1. Pick good cofounders.

Cofounders are for a startup what location is for real estate. You can change anything about a house except where it is. In a startup you can change your idea easily, but changing your cofounders is hard. [1] And the success of a startup is almost always a function of its founders.

2. Launch fast.

The reason to launch fast is not so much that it’s critical to get your product to market early, but that you haven’t really started working on it till you’ve launched. Launching teaches you what you should have been building. Till you know that you’re wasting your time. So the main value of whatever you launch with is as a pretext for engaging users.

3. Let your idea evolve.

This is the second half of launching fast. Launch fast and iterate. It’s a big mistake to treat a startup as if it were merely a matter of implementing some brilliant initial idea. As in an essay, most of the ideas appear in the implementing.

4. Understand your users.

You can envision the wealth created by a startup as a rectangle, where one side is the number of users and the other is how much you improve their lives. [2] The second dimension is the one you have most control over. And indeed, the growth in the first will be driven by how well you do in the second. As in science, the hard part is not answering questions but asking them: the hard part is seeing something new that users lack. The better you understand them the better the odds of doing that. That’s why so many successful startups make something the founders needed.

5. Better to make a few users love you than a lot ambivalent.

Ideally you want to make large numbers of users love you, but you can’t expect to hit that right away. Initially you have to choose between satisfying all the needs of a subset of potential users, or satisfying a subset of the needs of all potential users. Take the first. It’s easier to expand userwise than satisfactionwise. And perhaps more importantly, it’s harder to lie to yourself. If you think you’re 85% of the way to a great product, how do you know it’s not 70%? Or 10%? Whereas it’s easy to know how many users you have.

6. Offer surprisingly good customer service.

Customers are used to being maltreated. Most of the companies they deal with are quasi-monopolies that get away with atrocious customer service. Your own ideas about what’s possible have been unconsciously lowered by such experiences. Try making your customer service not merely good, but surprisingly good. Go out of your way to make people happy. They’ll be overwhelmed; you’ll see. In the earliest stages of a startup, it pays to offer customer service on a level that wouldn’t scale, because it’s a way of learning about your users.

7. You make what you measure.

I learned this one from Joe Kraus. [3] Merely measuring something has an uncanny tendency to improve it. If you want to make your user numbers go up, put a big piece of paper on your wall and every day plot the number of users. You’ll be delighted when it goes up and disappointed when it goes down. Pretty soon you’ll start noticing what makes the number go up, and you’ll start to do more of that. Corollary: be careful what you measure.

8. Spend little.

I can’t emphasize how important it is for a startup to be cheap. Most startups fail before they make something people want, and the most common form of failure is running out of money. So being cheap is (almost) interchangeable with iterating rapidly. [4] But it’s more than that. A culture of cheapness keeps companies young in something like the way exercise keeps people young.

9. Get ramen profitable.

“Ramen profitable” means a startup makes just enough to pay the founders’ living expenses. It’s not rapid prototyping for business models (though it can be), but more a way of hacking the investment process. Once you cross over into ramen profitable, it completely changes your relationship with investors. It’s also great for morale.

10. Avoid distractions.

Nothing kills startups like distractions. The worst type are those that pay money: day jobs, consulting, profitable side-projects. The startup may have more long-term potential, but you’ll always interrupt working on it to answer calls from people paying you now. Paradoxically, fundraising is this type of distraction, so try to minimize that too.

11. Don’t get demoralized.

Though the immediate cause of death in a startup tends to be running out of money, the underlying cause is usually lack of focus. Either the company is run by stupid people (which can’t be fixed with advice) or the people are smart but got demoralized. Starting a startup is a huge moral weight. Understand this and make a conscious effort not to be ground down by it, just as you’d be careful to bend at the knees when picking up a heavy box.

12. Don’t give up.

Even if you get demoralized, don’t give up. You can get surprisingly far by just not giving up. This isn’t true in all fields. There are a lot of people who couldn’t become good mathematicians no matter how long they persisted. But startups aren’t like that. Sheer effort is usually enough, so long as you keep morphing your idea.

13. Deals fall through.

One of the most useful skills we learned from Viaweb was not getting our hopes up. We probably had 20 deals of various types fall through. After the first 10 or so we learned to treat deals as background processes that we should ignore till they terminated. It’s very dangerous to morale to start to depend on deals closing, not just because they so often don’t, but because it makes them less likely to.

Having gotten it down to 13 sentences, I asked myself which I’d choose if I could only keep one.

Understand your users. That’s the key. The essential task in a startup is to create wealth; the dimension of wealth you have most control over is how much you improve users’ lives; and the hardest part of that is knowing what to make for them. Once you know what to make, it’s mere effort to make it, and most decent hackers are capable of that.

Understanding your users is part of half the principles in this list. That’s the reason to launch early, to understand your users. Evolving your idea is the embodiment of understanding your users. Understanding your users well will tend to push you toward making something that makes a few people deeply happy. The most important reason for having surprisingly good customer service is that it helps you understand your users. And understanding your users will even ensure your morale, because when everything else is collapsing around you, having just ten users who love you will keep you going.

Notes
[1] Strictly speaking it’s impossible without a time machine.
[2] In practice it’s more like a ragged comb
[3] Joe thinks one of the founders of Hewlett Packard said it first, but he doesn’t remember which.
[4] They’d be interchangeable if markets stood still. Since they don’t, working twice as fast is better than having twice as much time.